Can I use CNC to create custom kayak paddle designs?

Unless you need to do some sort of layered construction, it should be as simple as having it carve one face, then flipping it over and having it carve the other, cutting the final piece out of the source plank/glue-up/whatever you want to call it, and post-processing (trimming the tabs, sanding, finishing, etc).

Alternatively, you could do each half separately and glue them together, but I don’t know if that’s good for paddles (and kinda doubt it is).

You could get relatively advanced with this, or just make basic ones and carve a pattern into them for a visual flair.

https://forums.maslowcnc.com/t/the-black-knights-sword/

This post is very much along the lines of what I’d expect you’d have for a workflow.

This old video using a forked design of a previous iteration of the Maslow is also along the same lines, overall.